Definition
Railroad ties - also known as sleepers, particularly in the UK - are large, rectangular timbers traditionally used to support railway tracks. In landscaping and garden design, repurposed and newly manufactured railroad ties have become a popular form of heavy-duty wood edging due to their substantial size, durability, and rustic appeal.
Measuring approximately 7 inches tall by 9 inches wide and 8 feet long, these large format timbers are ideal for edging projects that require strong, long-lasting boundaries such as retaining walls, raised beds, or terraced paths.
โ ๏ธ Important: Reclaimed railroad ties are frequently treated with creosote, a chemical preservative that makes them unsuitable for use near vegetable gardens or children's play areas. Always confirm whether the ties you are using are treated or untreated and verify their safety for your intended use.
In addition to the reclaimed version, railroad ties are also available in untreated hardwood or pressure-treated softwood made specifically for landscape use.
๐ Note: If the creosote used to preserve railroad ties is of concern there are many other lumber edging options to consider. See: "The Best Lumber For Garden Edging: Compare Pros & Cons".
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Historical Background
Originally designed to anchor and support railway rails, wooden railroad ties date back to the early 1800s in Europe and North America. In the UK, the term "sleeper" continues to be the more common descriptor.
Over time, as railroads were decommissioned or upgraded to concrete or steel, the surplus of aged timbers found new life in home landscapes and rural properties.
But repurposing railroad ties for landscaping purposes hasn't changed the fact that more than 90 percent of railroad track in the US is supported by wooden railroad ties.
In both the U.S. and UK, modern sleepers made specifically for landscape use have evolved to meet growing interest in eco-conscious design and safety around food and water sources.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I use railroad ties for garden edging?
You can use railroad ties for garden edging but exercise caution. Railroad ties are durable and attractive for rustic edging, but reclaimed ties may contain creosote which is not suitable near edible gardens or where contact with people or pets is likely. New untreated or pressure-treated landscape-grade ties are available and offer a safer options.
How do I install railroad ties as edging?
Basic installation involves digging a shallow trench, laying the tie flat, and securing it with rebar or long landscape spikes. Heavier projects may require gravel base, stacked tiers, or added anchors. Be prepared to manage the weight of this large format timber - each tie can weigh ~200 pounds.
What alternatives exist if I like the look of railroad ties but want a safer option?
Many lumberyards sell new railwood ties made from untreated hardwood or pressure-treated softwood. These proportionally mimic the look of traditional ties without the toxicity risks of creosote.
Why are railroad ties called "sleepers"?
"Sleeper" is the British English term for a railroad tie. The name comes from the fact that these timbers "sleep" under the rails, providing both vertical and lateral support. The term has become widely adopted in landscape contexts, especially outside of North America.
References
EPA - Creosote
https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide-products/creosote
U of Arkansas Division of Agriculture Research & Extension - Railroad Ties
https://www.uaex.uada.edu/environment-nature/musings-on-nature-blog/posts/railroad-ties.aspx